In Mandala we’re conducting a range of research projects across Birmingham to investigate how the food system is changing right now, and how it could change in the future. We’re checking in on these projects through a series of short films – Stories from a Changing Food System – produced by Good Stories in Food.

Our latest film focuses on our research that finds that expanding free school meals to all children would bring significant economic and social benefits, as well as tackling food insecurity.

Researchers at the University of Birmingham have been modelling how such a policy could work, using a cost–benefit analysis to assess the return on investment under different funding scenarios. This work builds on a method developed by the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, now included as supplementary guidance in HM Treasury’s Green Book.

Emma Frew, Professor of Health Economics at the University of Birmingham, who leads the research, said:

“There is a really strong economic argument for expanding free school meals to all children across the country. This is important because we have very substantial economic evidence that tells us how important it is to provide good nutrition in the early years and throughout the school years.”

Matthew Knight, Catering Development Manager and Chef at St Matthias School, adds:

“To have a nutritious meal at lunchtime is imperative to learning. The children are more aware in lessons after lunchtime; they’re more able to learn, and behaviour is dramatically improved.”

The research team has worked closely with the Food Foundation to ensure the results robust, clear and relevant for policymakers.

The government has recently announced plans to extend free school meals to all children on Universal Credit from 2026, a move supported by Mandala’s detailed economic analysis.